Chinese fighter jets soared over the Egyptian pyramids on Monday, marking the conclusion of the first-ever joint air force exercises between China and Egypt. The drills, showcasing China’s military capabilities and Egypt’s regional influence, underscore Beijing’s growing presence in North Africa and its challenge to U.S. strategic dominance in the region.
The Chinese military released videos of its jets, helicopters, and transport planes flying over the Sahara during the 18-day exercises, which Beijing hailed as a sign of strengthening military ties and shifting alliances. The drills took place with one of the U.S.’s largest security partners as Washington’s attention increasingly shifts inward under President Donald Trump, creating space for China to expand its influence.
“As Egypt diversifies beyond its traditional U.S. partnerships, a new era of cooperation is taking flight over Cairo’s skies,” stated a video released by Chinese state broadcaster CCTV.
The exercises, named “Eagles of Civilisation 2025,” are seen as a foundation for potential military collaboration between the two countries. Egypt, which has long relied on U.S. military aid, is seeking to modernize its armed forces, and the drills demonstrate its aspirations to assert itself as a leading regional power.
Analysts suggest the drills also serve as a key public diplomacy tool for China, especially in the Middle East. Eric Orlander, co-founder of the China-Global South Project, noted that these exercises help China promote its military technology, such as drones, air defense systems, and light arms, to a receptive audience.
However, switching fighter jet systems is costly, and Orlander warned that U.S. financial support for Egypt could be jeopardized if Cairo moves toward greater Chinese military technology purchases. Despite this, U.S. military aid has been reduced under Trump, which has been particularly noticeable across the Middle East.
As Egypt faces multiple regional crises—ranging from the Gaza conflict to ethnic violence in Sudan and instability in Libya—China has pledged billions in investments, including in satellite manufacturing for military surveillance.
China’s air force called the exercises “a new starting point” in military cooperation between the two nations, marking a significant milestone in their growing defense relationship.