Fresh negotiations between the Democratic Republic of Congo and M23 rebels resumed in Doha last week, amid fragile hopes for peace. Despite Qatar’s international mediation and previous agreements, deep mistrust, prisoner releases, and territorial disputes continue to shadow the conflict.
The talks follow last month’s ceasefire agreement, the Declaration of Principles, which both sides have since accused each other of violating. A diplomatic source said the M23 delegation prioritizes releasing detained members over finalizing a broader peace accord in Doha.
“The release of M23 prisoners will be crucial for a comprehensive truce,” the source added, highlighting key obstacles to progress. Kinshasa remains cautious, reluctant to grant concessions without firmer commitments from the rebels, a government spokesperson confirmed to Anadolu.
Qatar circulated a draft accord outlining a phased roadmap, including an interim force, national dialogue, regional elections, and reconciliation initiatives. The proposal is contested: Kinshasa fears sovereignty erosion, while M23 resists surrendering territories under its control, prolonging the stalemate.
Rwanda’s role complicates matters, with the UN and Kinshasa accusing Kigali of supporting M23, a claim Rwanda repeatedly denies. M23 currently controls localities including Goma and Bukavu, fueling speculation about external support and undermining trust in their long-term intentions.
Analysts warn the conflict’s stakes extend beyond Congo, displacing seven million people and deepening one of the world’s worst humanitarian crises. Observers note the rebels’ continued clashes demonstrate strength, raising doubts about their commitment to a genuine peace agreement.
Experts argue that incremental concessions, such as prisoner releases, could rebuild mutual trust, but mistrust persists over foreign influence and resources. For a durable peace, regional cooperation is essential, yet the combination of territorial disputes, political resistance, and historical grievances makes resolution fragile.